Essay on Special Education Schools in Malaysia for Special...

1. Introduction Malaysian governments formal involvement in special education began in 1948 with the opening of Princess Elizabeth School for the Blind. Education for children with special educational needs (SEN) was undertaken by community groups and religious-based institutions. Besides that, education for these children was further enhanced by the establishment of the Federated School for the Deaf in 1954. It offers both academic as well as vocational training. During the early years of Independence, the governments primary educational concern was to provide educational services and facilities for mainstream children without neglecting the educational needs of children with SEN. In 1961, The Education Act acknowledged that these†¦show more content†¦Special education programs are made available from Pre-school age, primary school level and secondary education level in normal academic and vocational stream. 2. Special Education Programmes. There are three types of special education programmes available for children with SEN under the Ministry of Education Malaysia, special schools, integrated and inclusion programmes. 2.1 Special Education Schools. The Special Education Department is responsible for the administration of all special education schools. Matters such as funding for the development of schools, teachers placement and transfer, teachers’ salaries, appointment and promotion of schools heads and monitoring of school management and accounts are being managed by the Department. Previously, these educational facilities are only available to children with hearing and visual impairment. Hearing impairment isn’t severe enough for a child to be classified as ‘deaf’ but rather ‘hard of hearing’ the child with a hearing impairment is at a distinct disadvantage in virtually all aspects of language development (Martha Sheridan’s, 2001). It is now been extended to intellectually challenged children at both primary and secondary level of schooling. Implementing inclusive approaches is difficult in special education schools because all of the schools‟ populations are children with SEN.Show MoreRelatedCollaborative Teaching And Inclusive Education1495 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial education settings provide an exclusive service to students who are physically or mentally challenged. There are many creative, and innovative teaching approaches and techniques developed these days to facilitate learners with special needs. Focusing to expand their learning outcomes I have decided to choose Collaborative Teaching and Inclusive Educatio n as the most effective evidence-based strategy. 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Sexual Orientation, Homosexuality, And Bisexuality

Sexual Orientation can be defined as the persistent pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to another. The opposing person who you are attracted to can either be of the opposite sex, the same sex, or to both sexes. Although these are the three main categories, there are sometimes minor categories that can be used to define sexual orientation as well. This could be where they may consist of being attracted to different gender identities, maybe innate objects, or may not even be attracted to anything at all. Whatever it may be, sexual orientation is not a choice and cannot be changed manually. The three main attractions are generally labelled under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality. People who are attracted to members of the†¦show more content†¦These people have to face society when people constantly discriminate them on a large scale. This can so often have you feeling like you are alone in the world and lead to common mental health issues. Common mental health issues within them include depression, anxiety, substance abuse problems with family and relationship issues. So that all the people who are of other sexual orientations feel like they are not alone, they created the LGBTQ community. (McGarrity) The L stands for lesbians for the women who are attracted to other women. The G stands for gay men for the men who are attracted to other men. The B stands for bisexuals for the men and women who are attracted to both women and men. The T stands for transgendered. The term transgendered is a broad term that includes cross-dressers, transsexuals, and people who live their lives as the gender other than their birth gender. Transgender people can be straight, gay, lesbian, or bisexual. The Q stands for questioning meaning if someone who is questioning their sexual and/or gender orientation. People think that sexual orientation is something that is â€Å"caused† or â€Å"developed†. This is not the specific case because researchers can show that it is based on biological factors that are in place before birth. This means that it can come from studies of family histories and genes. Plenty of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics,

Monks Free Essays

The basic purpose of monasticism is devotion to spiritual work and abdication from earthly temptations. Monasticism is known in many religions including Christianity. The word â€Å"monk† itself derives from Greek ‘monos’ – alone, so originally monasticism supposed it’s adepts to live alone[1]. We will write a custom essay sample on Monks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such lonely style of living has been known from the early years of Christianity, but it’s symbol is the figure of Antony the Great – a charismatic leader of the desert monks, who is said to be a founder of Christian monasticism. Antony and his followers completely left the world and devoted their lives to prays and manual work, attempting to reach cleanse their soul and know God[2]. Those â€Å"escapists† became known as anchorites (the word derives from a Greek word meaning â€Å"to withdraw†). Anchorites strived to stay alone with God and their way was a way of individual salvation. Such approach was good for early Christianity, however, with the development of Church as organization and spread of the new religion in Europe it could not satisfy both the Church and it’s numerous believers. So another way called cenobitic monasticism became popular. Saint Pachomius, the father of cenobitism has founded a community where numerous monks (both male and female) lived separately in huts or caves, however they met for prays and to perform common duties. Such from of monasticism allowed to make it more arranged and uniformed as well as to guide and control the monks. Pachomius himself wrote the first statute to govern the life in a monastery[3]. Cenobitism has not rejected the idea of personal mystical insight, it rather allowed to unite the associate-monks around a figure of a prior. So a monastery in cenobitism is a sort of school where knowledge of God is taught. Both cenobitism and anchoritism are united by several universal principles of monasticism such as surrender of all earthly vanity, labor as a part of salvation, individual way of spiritual rebirth, prayers as basic mystical practice, etc. Works Cited: 1.Lawrence, C. H. 2001. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition). New York: Longmans 2. Burns, Paul, ed. Butler’s Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition January vol. Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press 3.Johnston, William M. (ed.). 2000. Encyclopedia of Monasticism. vol. 2., Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers [1] Lawrence, C. H. 2001. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition). New York: Longmans, p.- 9 [2] Burns, Paul, ed. Butler’s Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition January vol. Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press, p- 107 [3] Johnston, William M. (ed.). 2000. Encyclopedia of Monasticism. vol. 2., Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, p. – 215 [4] Lawrence, C. H.   (supra note) p.- 45 How to cite Monks, Essay examples

Event Tourism Organisation for Red Bull

Question: Discuss about theEvent Tourismfor Organisation for Red Bull. Answer: Creating a Successful Market-Oriented Organisation for Red Bull Readings: Red Bull is one of the loyal customer based company that have been using effective branding strategies to establish a strong relationship between the customers and the company. The company considers market-oriented and customer experience design approach within the organization to increase the brand value of the company. The success of the company is due to the specific vision of the company and the maximum dedication of the stakeholders, employees and the higher authorities (Cnossen et al., 2006). After the publication of the market-oriented strategy of Red Bull, the company focuses on the value and the norm development, reconnecting the company with the market in which it operates, hiring efficient employees and develop collaborative strategies for the company. The company has been constantly changing and innovating and thus the individuals with potential skills and knowledge are hired that further enhances the organisational culture, productivity and boost up the target market responses (Lam Gu, 2016). The slogan of the company Red Bull gives you wings, indicates that the external image of the company to help the customers in achieving higher performance and formalising the core experience and culture of the company. The company tries to stay connected with the market and maintain the market-oriented strategy that it follows. The company organises frequent cultural maintenance rituals such as employee screening, recruiting new employees who share the same spirit, sponsor events and athletes, and visit the field with the Red Bull car. It has been opined that the company has created customer experiences and the sponsored activities associated with the brand that has increased every year. References Cnossen, C., Li, Y., Sampath, N., Taylor-Maisano, W., Tsonev, V., (2006). What Gives Red Bull Wings: Creating a Successful Market-Oriented Organization. Lam, J. S. L., Gu, Y. (2016). A market-oriented approach for intermodal network optimisation meeting cost, time and environmental requirements.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 266-274.

Reading Questions free essay sample

He decides that it is a â€Å"false memory† and that they did not matter as long as one knew what the memories stood for; he proceeds to smile at the portrait of Big Brother and his legs convulse as the announcement is made that Oceania won the war. Short Answer Questions for Entire Novel 1. During Winstons stay in the Ministry of Love, OBrien asks Winston, How does one man exert his power over another to which Winston replies, By making him suffer. Explain how The Party is able to maintain control and power over its citizens (proles and party members alike) by making them suffer. Cite examples from the text to support your answer. There are several instances in which The Party makes the citizens suffer; for instance, in part three, Winston’s elbow is smashed as O’Brien identifies himself as a member of the Ministry of Love. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is at this very moment when Winston comes up with the hypothesis that no one can be a hero if they are physically tortured. There is also the example of the party members doing exercises like toe touches (Winston particularly has trouble actually executing the exercises). In a way, this results in the party members having to be even more obedient (since the telescreen watches everything). The telescreen is what controls everything; if you even think of revolting against The Party, you will be terminated; and not a word would be said about it, yet it intimidated the rest of the population (proles and party members alike) because they wanted to avoid being vanished.

Women in Nazi Germany essays

Women in Nazi Germany essays Amidst millenniums, women have been portrayed as societys weakest link. During Hitlers reign, women once again were reminded that they were subject to humanitys oppressive ideals. The Nazi ideology saw women as inferior to men. According to Goebbels (propaganda minister), a womans primary, rightful, and appropriate place is in the family, and the most wonderful task that she can perform is to present her country and people with children. This image of motherhood and marriage set forth the fundamentals of how the Nazis envisioned women and moreover provided the prevailing ideals. Kaiser Wilhelm II defined a role for women as Kirche, Kche, Kinder (church, kitchen, children). This definition was later adopted by the Nazis, implying the undermining status and role of the women in Germany. Throughout centuries, women have been subject to unjust and tormenting perceptions due to societys set view that the male is the dominating figure. In Nazi Germany, women were inferior to their male contemporaries. They were faced with a patriarchic society, and the control which it had over many aspects of womens lives. These attitudes had developed even centuries before into laws and customs. In tribal societies, females were supposed to only be involved in domestic issues. Moreover, the male children were considered more important than the female children. Throughout the Middle Ages, women were still subordinate to men. Women were not allowed to participate in the political life of the society. This discrimination was upheld by the Christian prejudice against women, as they were often forbidden to sing in churches. This attitude can be regarded as means of influence on the Nazi party, hence, after Hitler was elected the superiority of men was emphasized in campaigns. This in turn reduced the status of women. Hitler was very keen on the notion of obtaining an Aryan race. He therefore set out la...

Public Housing in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Housing in USA - Essay Example The paper has shown that since the end of the World War II, it has been argued that the poor have lost access to expensive housing provided by private markets. Almost all the United States presidents have either come up or sponsored projects targeted at enhancing the access of the poor to quality better housing than they do (Howard 1). As Howard explains, there are numerous reasons why the government gets involved in the public, housing sector activities (Howard 2). First, the government believes that the private market cannot offer enough housing to the poor Americans. The government also believes that the private markets offer their housing at a high price which the poor cannot afford. Currently, the United States government action in public housing is the provision of subsidized housing to the poor families so as to replace the buildings that have been demolished through the HOPE IV program. HOPE VI program was developed in the 1990s so as to demolish houses that did not meet the standards according to Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and those that fell into crime and disorder (Howard 3). Presidents have either come up or sponsored housing projects to enhance that the poor can have access to quality housing. The issue of house shortage also affects the poor. Reports shows that there is a shortage of houses in the United States and the poor are the most affected. The demand is higher than the supply although there is race discrimination, which is affecting the blacks. This is the reason why the government ought to control public housing. The other issue that should concern the government is some individuals setting lower prices thereby increasing the demand. The government ought to fix the prices to protect the poor who are their mercies. The major Stakeholders in the Subsidized Housing Project for the Poor Families The US government presented HUD as the main stakeholder of the subsidized housing projects. As Johan has written in his article , Housing Subsidies and Homeowners, the United States government’s main interest is to provide affordable housing for the poor families. The government also aims at ending the HOPE VI program. It will then replace the demolished apartments through HOPE VI program, so as to ensure the poor families are not homeless. The other stakeholders in the project are some of the public housing landlords who are supporting the government involvement in matters of public housing for the poor. According to the Guide section 8 Housing Assistance programs of 2008, voucher 8 is given to families who are not able to afford quality housing. Therefore, the United States government funds them through their voucher 8 program. However, it has been argued that it is the landlords who benefit from these funds. Therefore, their main interests in this program are ensuring they continue benefiting from governments funds aimed at improving the housing conditions for the poor. The landlords should be scru tinized to ensure they get what they deserve and avail to the tenants their dues. The

Consumer behavior. iPhone 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer behavior. iPhone 6 - Essay Example Factors influencing Consumer behaviour. Situational Factors These influences result from the location, time and circumstances that surround a consumer. The main contributors of this factor include the emotions, urgency and social situation. All the determinants can influence the decision of buyers at all stages of the purchasing process. The emotions or feelings may include the moods and conditions of a person at particular moments. For example, illness, fatigue or having cash can make the consumer to buy a product. The recent purchase could be because I had money and good moods that made me buy the iPhone 6. The time factor can influence the decision of consumers in buying commodities. For example, the recent purchase occurred due to the urgent need of a phone for reading school notes while at home. People opt to skip the stages of the buying process due to their immediate needs for particular products. The social surroundings also influence consumer behaviour (Pride and Ferrell 212). For example, the decision to buy the iPhone 6, last month was influenced by my friends who accompanied me to the shopping mall. Psychological Factors These factors are related to the general consumers’ behaviours. They are internal, but, are influenced by external forces. The motives, perceptions and the attitudes of people influence their decision in buying goods. Motives can be described as the internal forces, which direct a person towards buying a product or achieving certain goals. Some motives are stronger than others.

Existing Home Automaton Systems Controlled via the internet Essay

Existing Home Automaton Systems Controlled via the internet - Essay Example The internet technology plays an important part in such automation, as these homes are also called ‘smart homes’ or ‘e-homes’. The innovative technology and software available currently for home automation systems ensures the safe and secure life, while providing mobile and email alerts about the happenings at home to the specific user who may be away to far-off locations. The ‘know and control kit’ as shown in the picture above puts the mobile phone in control of almost all gadgets in the home. Accordingly, it monitors the lighting devices, temperature of different systems such A/C or heating arrangements, locks and other safety devices, among others. The email notifications and mobile alerts provide reports regarding the function of each device. Although various manufactures supply such kits, the ‘Smart Things’ kit comprises of two multi-sensors, 2 sensors responsible for detecting the presence of anyone in the home, 2 additional motion sensors, Ethernet cable with power cord and the necessary outlet plug. The kit comes with all required batteries. The Ethernet cable ensures connection of the system kit to internet. As and when the kit detects some kind of motion by people, cars or pets, it sends an alert to the owner. It also sends early warnings on the detection of any leakage, presence of carbon monoxide or smoke in the home. There are no installation hassles or any kindly of monthly contract fees attached to this kit. While the user has complete control over the gadgets working at home, there is no remedy in the event of any accident or hazard that occurs due to malfunction of any device. The system cannot help much in such cases except sending immediate email or mobile alerts. The following image represents a ’Belk in’ Net Cam, which has Wife connectivity along with a camera that can

Importance Of Environmental Impact Assessments

Importance Of Environmental Impact Assessments The environment that we live in is the foundation on which all life is based on. We need to preserve and protect the natural environment and by implementing environmental impact assessments we can sustain the environment for future development and not ruin it. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) are becoming increasingly important all over the world, and the need to perform environmental impact assessments have been made compulsory in a lot of countries. In South Africa the environmental laws are very strict to protect the environment of the country that we live in. EIAs are performed on the sites where new developments are scheduled to be undertaken or where there is a planned extension of previously developed projects, to assess the impact that the developments will have on the environment. One person cannot perform an environmental impact assessment alone, but rather a team of environmental assessment practitioners (EAPs). The environment The word environment has a very broad spectrum of areas that it could consist of, but it is most commonly used to describe the naturally occurring environment. It is the world we live in, work in, play in, and includes all living (and non-living) things that we encounter on earth. (Aucamp, 2009, p.1). The environment has the ability to vary as time goes by. Therefore the species or organisms that live in an environment need to be able to adapt to these changes in their living environments in order to survive. The environment provides resources for different types of projects. These resources are all part of the environment and prove to be a very crucial part of our lives. The environment is the foundation of future life and needs to be protected and preserved. Environmental Impact Assessment An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is defined by Canter (1999) as the classification and estimation of the impacts that a planned project could potentially have on various workings of the environment. These impacts can occur directly, as well as indirectly and include both environmental and social implications. Environmental impact assessment of proposed development should prove that a project does not have a major negative effect on the environment. If a project does have a significant impact on the environment, the environmental impact assessment should show that these impacts can be mitigated to such an extent such that it doesnt have a great effect on the environment. An environmental impact assessment is not just a document, but rather a process that is followed. This process can be described as very flexible, since there are many different methods and techniques of performing an EIA. EIAs should only be performed once a well proposed project has been planned. Main activities that take place during an EIA During an environmental impact assessment a lot of crucial steps need to be followed and it is very important that all of these steps are completed thoroughly to ensure that the EIA has been performed correctly. These are the four main activities involved in an EIA: Scoping Stakeholder involvement Environmental assessments Related legal aspects These activities will be explained individually throughout the remainder of this report. Screening Screening is the process that needs to be undertaken to establish whether or not an environmental impact assessment has to be done. This process (screening) is done by compiling all the necessary given information or, if there is not enough information, a brief assessment or site visit needs to be done. The level at which an EIA must be performed can also be determined by implementing screening. The steps that can be followed After screening has been completed, decisions on how to continue with the development can be made. The steps that can be followed to perform screening are as follows: Initial meeting with the promoter of the proposed development The environmental assessment practitioner that has been placed in charge of the specific project needs to meet with the person who is promoting the new development or the extension of an old development. They have to discuss all the aspects of the proposed project. These aspects are things like the reason of the project, the size, cost, main stakeholders, opposition and whether some parts of the project are negotiable or not. The environmental assessment practitioner needs to know who all the people are that are in charge of the different categories of the project in order to assess exactly what all the impacts of the project will be. Visit the proposed or existing location of the site During a visit to the intended site, a lot of necessary information can be gathered that is needed for the screening of the project. The exact co-ordinates of the site can be obtained as well as pictures. This makes the project more realistic to assess and easier to visualize once you are no longer on site. While on site, observation can be made and in situ tests can be conducted. The surrounding areas can also be assessed and therefore the whole screening process becomes more intense, which allows for more accurate results concerning the level of the environmental impact assessment that possibly has to be performed. A study of all applicable legislation All the legal requirements that involve an EIA have to be examined. Regulations and rules regarding EIAs according to the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) need to be adhered to at all times. These regulations could also determine whether a basic or full scale environmental impact assessment is required. Knowledgeable experts should be advised when working with all the legal aspects of a project during screening. Scoping After the screening process has been completed, or even at the same time as the screening process, scoping can commence. During scoping the most important issues are attended to. These are the issues that have been raised during the screening of the proposed development that has caused the greatest concerns among the environmental assessment practitioners, the people in charge of the project and the general public. Therefore this process mainly highlights which impacts will have the greatest effect and provides a trend for the final assessment. Scoping is necessary for projects of all sizes. Scoping should be performed throughout the project. Once the site for the proposed development has been finalised the angle of the scoping will differ. Then there will be less issues and more attention can be placed on detailed aspects of the assessment. According to Hamilton (2000) additional time is needed to assess unknown impacts that the project may have on the environment and the social community. This is caused by ineffective scoping. Activities During the scoping process a number of activities take place. These activities include: Identifying the key stakeholders and introducing them to the project and the stakeholders list. Highlighting the most significant issues, values and concerns that need attention during an EIA. Using findings accurately in debating situations as well as in crucial decision making, involving alternatives that could be introduced to a project. The process of identifying all the policies, regulations and detailed aspects of the assessment. These activities should provide a comprehensive scope and could point to means of mitigation or alternatives (Aucamp, 1999; Bekker, 2006). Stakeholder involvement In order to comprehend the stakeholder involvement it is first necessary to understand who a stakeholder is. Howlett and Nagu (1997) define stakeholders as all those people and institutions who have an interest in the successful design, implementation and sustainability of the project. This includes those positively and negatively affected by the project. Stakeholder participation involves processes whereby all those with a stake in the outcome of a project can actively participate in decisions on planning and management. They share information and knowledge, and may contribute to the project, so as to enhance the success of the project and hence ultimately their own interests. Stakeholder involvement is the process where the affected parties of a proposed development or activity participate in the project and includes the full range of communication between the stakeholders and the decision makers of the proposed development. The stakeholders of a project should therefore be part of decisions that are made during a project and they should always be briefed as to the status of the project. Stakeholders should have a right to their opinion and always be brought into consideration during and after a project has been completed. Reasons why stakeholder involvement is important according to Hughes (1998) Stakeholders help identify and address issues that are relevant during an EIA. The involvement of stakeholders helps to connect traditional knowledge of the environment to the project. During an EIA the stakeholder involvement improves the communication between the promoters of the development and the stakeholders. The involvement of all the different stakeholders allows the promoters to identify each stakeholders requirements concerning the project. Stakeholders could identify problems and come up with promising opportunities for the mitigation of problems. Stakeholders make sure that the EIA is performed thoroughly and assure that no aspects have been neglected. When satisfactory attention is spent on stakeholder involvement during an EIA, the class prediction of the environmental assessment improves. Stakeholder involvement allows for more information to be gathered when an assessment is being done. Some local stakeholders have cumulative knowledge about their environments and more availability to information concerning the area of the development. Environmental assessments An environmental assessment (EA) is the process of determining the consequences or effects of change (positive or negative) that a proposed development or activity might have on the environment. The environmental assessment therefore studies the effects that these changes will have on both the physical as well as the social environment. Some changes wont have any effect on the environment. Jain (2004) concluded that some projects that undergo an environmental assessment wont experience any changes caused by the actions, but the present status of the project might have been unacceptable from the start. Methods used to perform environmental assessments according to (Aucamp, 2009) Comparisons with EIA projects in similar projects Checklists Environmental cost-benefit studies Expert opinions and systems Indicators of environmental media or resources Laboratory testing Landscape evaluation Interaction matrices Impact tree networks Photography These are just a few examples and there are many more methods used to perform environmental assessments. Most important environmental legislation controlling the undertaking of an EIA in South Africa In South Africa there are environmental laws that need to be followed when one plans on performing an EIA. This body of rules and guidelines forms part of the structure of the South African environmental legislation. Multinational environmental agreement (MEA) This is part of an international law and includes the following: Treaties Attending to endangered species. Protocols These include the Kyoto protocol that controls carbon emissions. Conventions This includes the likes of the Montreal convention. The Constitution The constitution addresses the rights of all South African citizens. The South African Constitution environmental right section 24 (Republic of South Africa, 1996a) says that: Everyone has the right (a) to an environment that is not harmful to their health or wellbeing; and (b) to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that (i) prevent pollution and ecological degradation; (ii) promote conservation; and (iii) secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development. Statuary law Written statuary laws are signed by ministers and presidents. The following are general statuary laws: Environmental Conservation Act (ECA) No. 73, 1989. National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) NO. 107, 1998 Chapter 5 amended 2008. Specific law The following are specific laws that are pert of the South African environmental legislation: Air: VEMA Air quality Act No. 39, 2004. Water: National Water Act No. 36, 1998. Soil: Conservation of agricultural resources Act No. 43, 1983. Biodiversity: NEMA Protected areas Act 2003 NEMA Environmental Biodiversity Act No. 25. 1999. Heritage: National Heritage Resources Act No. 25, 1999. Civil law The civil law is one that is unwritten. It is based on precedent and it is between individuals or between individuals and companies or governmental organizations. All of the above mentioned laws form part of the structure of the most important environmental legislation controlling the undertaking of EIAs in South Africa. When an environmental impact assessment should be undertaken in South Africa Every country has their own environmental legislations and follows different procedures when they plan on performing environmental impact assessments. South Africa has one of the best environmental legislations in the world, which covers every aspect of the environment in order to protect and preserve it for sustainable development. South Africa is very prosperous in terms of natural environment, since the country has a great deal of wildlife and resources. Knowing when to perform an environmental impact assessment is crucial and no short cuts should be taken when determining this. Knowing when to perform an EIA A certain criteria of requirements need to be met in order to ensure whether or not an environmental impact assessment should be performed or not. In South Arica there are rules and regulation controlling this decision. These requirements are all covered in the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), the three listing activities and the EIA regulations. New projects that have started after the 2nd of August 2010 need to adhere to the new regulations. These regulations are discussed in the following subsection. New regulations When determining whether an EIA should be performed the new regulations that have been promulgated in June 2006 should be taken into consideration. After the EIA legislation was introduced to South Africa it was reviewed in 2006. This review brought a number of amendments to the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) which improved certain acts that wasnt up to standards. On the 2nd of August 2010 these regulations were changed slightly. The following regulations have come into effect: Projects that run through this transitional period and cross over into the new regulations only need to adhere to all the old environmental impact assessment regulations, which were still in effect when the project started. Differences between basic and full scale environmental impact assessments in South Africa Full scale EIA Acknowledge receipt Check application Submit application EIA Response Submit scoping report Scoping Notification of decision Decision Response Basic EIA Submit application Basic assessment report Public participation Await authorisation Acknowledge receipt Check application Response Notification of decision Images of environmental impacts in South Africa Moses Mahbida Stadium in Durban Description This photo shows the construction of the soccer stadium. This huge structure covers 89600 m2 and is 45 m in height. A 350 m long arch that stretches across the stadiums length reaches a height of 100 m. Type of project This was a construction project for the development of Durbans Fifa World Cup 2010 venue that replaced the old Kings Park Soccer Stadium. Impacts This stadiums biggest negative impact was its visual impact on Durban, since it is such a massive structure and it was an upgrade of an existing stadium. Mitigation of impacts The design of this stadium was done to world class standards. The stadium was designed to be a great engineering accomplishment and by doing this the big structure no longer had a negative impact on the social environment. Everyone was looking forward to the completion of the great stadium and they were proud to include this stadium to the image of Durban. Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC) Description This is a photo of the Cape Town International Conference Centre that is stated to be the greenest building in South Africa. This project is attempting to set international standards in sustainable building design and management. Type of project A 30000 m2 extension project of the Cape Town International Conference Centre was performed to improve the facility. Impacts This building didnt have any significant negative impacts on the environment, but it didnt have any positive impacts either. Mitigation of impacts The mitigation process for this project was turning a project with no impact on the environment into a project with an overall positive impact on the environment. According to Harcourt (2008) they accomplished this by designing the building to use 40 percent less energy per m2, 25 percent less waste to landfill and 95 percent potable water. The port of Ngqura Description This is a development of a deep water port at the Coega River Mouth. It is situated about 20 km from Port Elizabeth and will be the deepest container terminal in Africa. Type of project This is a brand new project that has been built from scratch. It will have a fixed embedded jet pump sand bypass system. It will include major earthworks as well as road networks. Impacts The natural environment around this area has been severely changed and damaged. This was a very simple piece of land and there were no endangered species. It will surely also positively impact the economical environment of a previously undeveloped and poor region. Mitigation of impacts The areas all around the Port will be developed once Ngqura is promoted to South Africas hub port. These damaged areas will then be created into an industrial area and create thousands of jobs and economically strengthen the region Gautrain Project Description The Gautrain will be a Rapid Rail Link system that can improve transportation in the Gauteng area. It is a world class railway system and will produce high speed trains for speedy transportation that stretches from Johannesburg to Pretoria. Type of project This will be South Africas most technological transportation project to date. This Rapid Rail Link system has been under construction for several years and is currently up and running. This project has a lot of potential of expanding in the future. Impacts Due to the size of this project there are a lot of impacts. There are both bio-physical and socio-economical impacts. The bio-physical impacts are the following: Fauna and flora along the path of the construction. Ground and wetlands that are destroyed. Soils along the route and the geology of the earth. Air quality around the construction sites. The socio-economical impacts are as follows: Noise and vibration that will be caused during the construction and once the trains are running every day. Land use and the property values. Social. Heritage. Economic. Mitigation of impacts The developers of the Gautrain project have held several meetings with the public and their stakeholders in order to mitigate all of the problems that have arisen from this project. All endangered plant species have been saved and protected. Wetlands have been rehabilitated to previous conditions as well as damaged ground and soils. The noise levels have been lessened considerably since the project has been running and there have been no major complaints. All heritage sites have been protected during the construction. Overall this project has shown a very large potential for economic growth. Impacts The most significant impacts involved with this project are the transmission integration factors, seismic suitability of the sites, impacts on dune geomorphology, impacts on wetlands, impacts on vertebrate fauna, impacts on invertebrate fauna and economic impacts. Mitigation of impacts Conclusion This report has shown the importance of environmental impact assessments. It is definitely a fundamental step in the life of a project. Performing an EIA is critical for a successful project and that projects are done without performing EIAs are destined for failure and devastation to all the people involved in the project. The South African law proves to be very up to date when it comes to environmental legislation and is of world class standards. These laws protect all environments and help enforce developers to build according to the regulations. EIAs very detailed processes and all developers should gain insight as to what the procedures are when performing EIAs and when EIAs should be performed to basic or full scales. EIAs are there to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development. They ensure that we leave something behind for future generations.

Sintering in Fluidized Bed :: essays papers

Sintering in Fluidized Bed Processes for cleaner and more efficient energy generation from feed stocks such as coals, lignites, peats, and waste liquors use fluidized beds that are operated at high temperatures and pressures. These processes involve systems that are multi-phase and have complex chemical reactions. Research work has tackled a number of aspects, including mechanical engineering aspects of the reactors, reaction chemistry and products, characterization and physical properties of the ash, fouling by ash deposits and the phenomenon of defluidization by agglomeration or sintering of the ash particles. It is with this latter aspect, the phenomenon of defluidization, that this contribution is concerned. Defluidization is also a problem in a number of other elevated temperature fluidized bed production processes, including size enlargement by agglomeration, fluidized bed processes for poly-olefin production and metallurgical processes. Defluidization occurs when the particles in the bed adhere. When two particles touch, material at the point of contact migrates forming a neck that is strong enough to withstand the disruptive forces in the fluidized bed. Two categories of adhesion can be discerned. The first type is visco-plastic sintering and it occurs with glassy materials. With these materials, migration is limited by the ability of the material to flow. With increasing temperature the viscosity of the material is reduced and hence the material flows and the size of the neck is increased. At some point, the necks are sufficiently large and strong enough to cause defluidization. The second type occurs when a large quantity of liquid is formed by melting or by chemical reaction. With an increase in temperature, a phase boundary may be crossed bring about rapid defluidization. The liquid formed has a relatively low viscosity and defluidization is caused by the amount of liquid present. This section will primarily f ocus on visco-plastic sintering. Model systems, in which chemical reactions do not occur, have been used to investigate the relationship between process conditions and the tendency to defluidize due to visco-plastic sintering. Materials used have included low-density ploy-ethylene and poly-propylene, soda glasses, metals, and inorganic crystalline salts. Under sintering conditions, the fluidizing velocity has to be increased above the minimum fluidizing velocity, Umf, to a higher velocity, U; at which pronounced bubbling occurs. A fluidizing velocity, Umfs, may be defined as a velocity just sufficient to prevent sintering. This characterizes a different fluidization state from Umf, since the in the latter the bed is in an expanded but not bubbling state.

In case you forget

There was death at the start, just as there was death at the end. Though whether a fleeting wisp of this crossed the Irishman's dreams and shook him awake on this least likely of mornings, he would never know. All he knew that when he opened his eyes that the world was somehow changed. As always the first thought that come to his head was the quick, searing hope that the last eight weeks had never happened. But as he saw the pale morning light filtering through her curtains, reality hit him with an icy certainty-Aileen was dead, and it was his entire fault. He looked at his alarm clock; 7:00 shone angrily at him in red, making him turn back to the wall. It beeped impatiently at him, and it was that, not the cold, which finally gave him the thought to give up his worthy fight and struggle out of bed. He breathed in the faint lingering smell of musty perfume. Photos of horses stared down at him from the walls. He was in his wife's room. A coat was slung over the chair where Aileen had left that morning of the accident. The hairbrush of the table was coated in a fine layer of dust, a few blonde hairs clinging to the bristles. Nothing in the room had changed for four weeks, not since the day Aileen Flaherty died. At the sight of the familiar things, his stomach twisted. He glanced at the photo of him and her. Pat and Allie. Patrick Harper and Aileen Flaherty. Sergeant Major and Horse whisperer. Mr and Mrs Patrick Harper. Husband and wife. There were tears in his eyes, which he reckoned was from the dust in the room. He got dressed. His kharki and olive uniform was oddly loose after the tight dress uniform of the funeral. Harper gazed in the mirror. Everything was to military precision. His blue eyes had not lost the desperation and soulessness that the dark alleyways of Dublin required. He picked up his rifle and placed a finger in a notch of unpolished metal. It was this small dip, in the butt of the gun, which gave Patrick Harper the small amount of Gaelic luck, which soldiers said was invincible. He just wanted to get out of this room. It was too much to bear; knowing that Allie was never coming back. A small silver locket was worn around his throat. It had saved the sergeant-major's life once, a stranger had fired across the street and the tall Irishman shivered at the thought of what would have happened if the precious metal heart had not been attached around his neck. A small photo of his soul mate was in it, and he was suddenly angry that he had it. He made a mental note to take it off later. The week that had followed Aillie's death had been a blur, and for him it was probably best that it had remained like that. For days he had been almost catatonic. The Latin words had washed meaninglessly over him and he read, dry-eyed, over and over her name and date of birth and death. And still tears would not come. He wanted to cry, he really did, but something was stopping him. He could only think of the blood on her neck which looked like a necklace of broken rubies and that he had noticed irrelevantly that red didn't not suit her and he made a note not to buy her a ruby necklace for her birthday. He had felt the sting of tears as he knelt beside her and held the silent, still warm body that he most loved in the world and had cried out inside at his own brutality. Her warmth would fade just as the memory of her would fade and he would forget the character that gave this exquisite creature life and love. She would exist now only in his memory and of those of who had known her best. She had given herself to him and never doubted the decision, unlike him. And now he had killed her. It should have been himself who had been caught in the blast, he who died, not this and his grief was formless, incoherent, a pain of betrayed love. The war-lord had not even noticed the girl in Harper's arms. ‘Congratulations. You did it.' He had done it so that he could free Ireland and St Patrick. He had done it so that innocent blood had been spilt on the pavement. He had done it so that he could feel a pain, so great, that he would never feel it again. They had then given him thirty silver coins, for his service to Ireland. Five pounds fifty in change, exactly. Every one of those thirty pieces of silver to him was blood money. Blood that was still fresh on his hands and would remain so for evermore. Sometimes he would wake up and feel happy and then he would see the blank postcard on the desk, still franked, but it meant that someone close had died for his or her country. Then the happiness went. Sometimes he would see her in the street and his heart leaped. Then the knowledge that she no longer existed would sink in. It was the training day of the recruits that had brought about the change. The sergeant- major had stabbed his bayonet repeatedly into the belly of the straw bales dressed in the uniform of English paratroopers. He had lost his humanity then, humanity that Allie had unearthed during their married years. He had felt the tears coming to his eyes. Tears of guilt and anger, no longer held back by the crushing weight of guilt, flooded over his cheeks. It unlocked a sluice gate inside of him and for two weeks he wept and let out all the pain, that as a soldier he was trained to ignore. He could have drowned himself in the salty water that was not rain. But in the calm aftermath, Harper took stock and decided to survive. In that moment he had became an adult. You could see it when he didn't know he was being watched, and from his eyes glittered a sad and old Gaelic magic, as old as time itself. Patrick Harper opened his diary. It was April the 12th, six weeks since the bomb had been secretly planted and with it buried the bloodied remains of his spouse's body. That was strange. April was already a dozen days old, Allie's death already eight weeks in the past. He had marked with a pencil March the twenty-fourth to the first of April because that was when he had expected his first child. He remembered how the bloom of pregnancy was in her and how beautiful she had looked in those heavy months. He looked at the chair, in which she had sat and told him about his child and he had held her, speechless. His child. He had been so happy then. There was no joy now. The rifle was thrown down because he did not want to hold a killing machine any longer. As a top marksman he had spilt enough innocent blood. Much more than he could count. He checked his wallet. A library card that expired today, but he had not the heart or the energy to renew it. Aillie had encouraged him to read, to take his mind off what he knew she knew that he had done the whole day. She had kept silent on the whole issue, but he knew that she didn't approve. He had read just to keep her happy, but in the week before the accident he had taken to reading her the story of Macbeth. The man who had killed to get what he had wanted, lost his humanity, and could not back out. In the end it had destroyed him. He remembered that Lady Macbeth went mad from the blood on her hands. That there was a darkness in her that she could not escape. Perhaps there was a darkness in him too. There was a shopping list in there too, which she had typed up so that he could go and get something to eat. She had said that she was coming in a bit later as she had to check up on the horses at the stables. She had never come home. He had ripped it into three pieces, because he thought it not worthy of her. He had saved a piece, the only bit where her actual handwriting was shown and he pulled it out now and marvelled that he had never actually seen her own scruffy hand until after her death. His hand carefully placed the relic back into his wallet along with the library card, the pocket diary and the thirty silver coins that he had yet to summon the courage to either ignore or destroy them. The cuckoo clock on the wall opened its tiny wooden doors and the cheerful little bird popped out announcing that it was half past seven. It was always late and Harper automatically checked the time on his own analogue watch, without realising that it had already stopped working on the twenty-second of March. The day his world stood still. Harper reckoned it was the blast that had destroyed the mainspring. But he had taken it along to the fixing shop anyway and had said that it had fallen off the table onto the floor. No one noticed the lie, nor the pricking of tears that covered up the real truth. He had wanted to tell them the truth, to shrug off the awful weight of his conscience, but there was a lady behind him. They could not fix it and told him that it was a lost cause and also asked him if he was sure if it had fallen onto the table as surely a greater force had broken it. He answered curtly that he had an extremely hard floor and the case was left as that, as no one dared cross the tall man with dried blood on his shirt. It was getting light and he knew that he should have left the house by this time. It was a dangerous time to be out on the streets and alleyways at dawn. The bright light, fierce and orange, made it hard to see the camouflaged barrels of guns and the dark green uniforms of British riflemen. He checked his pockets for any spare ammunition, bandages and anything else that might come in useful if a vengeful enemy was on the prowl. Emptied out onto the table, the pockets produced a piece of string, a couple of Irish punts, a small shiny paperclip, a chewed pencil and a piece of paper which a sketchy map had been scrawled on. He screwed the map up and threw it away. The other objects, he decided, were not of any use so he left them on the dresser next to the blank postcard. Harper took the thin rectangular card in his hand. The Irishman took one look at it and stashed it irritably into his pocket, so that he would not have to go through the torture of seeing it every morning. He would burn it later. A bunch of keys, all shapes and sizes, hung by the bedroom door. He plucked them from their resting-place, wanting to keep his hands and mind busy so as not to dwell on the bitterness inside of him. There was the front door key, the back door key, and the key to the small battered car of his that was collecting dust in the garage. There was also a group of strange shaped keys, their handle diamond shaped instead of the regular circular ones. They called up a distant memory in him, the faded pictures in his mind kept in rhythm with the metallic jangle of their knocking together. He still could not think what they were for, and so not wanting to annoy himself any longer he freed them from the main group and put those in his pocket too. Subconsciously he knew that he was taking them with him because they were connected with Allie's mortise lock, which she had put absolute faith in. It did not matter that their house had been burgled three times in a row, she still insisted that the rusty metal clump remain on the door. They had had their first argument over that lock and Allie had thrown a book at him, cutting his cheek and leaving a small scar. Harper had been the stock of jokes from the soldiers for a few weeks after that. He did not care. He was lucky. He had Allie. They were in it together. The mirror, from which he still had not moved, glittered in the light. It made his uniform look grey. His eyes were grey. His heart was grey. A shadow of his former personality. He was glad Aileen could not of seen him now. She wouldn't have even recognised him. ****** Blood pounded in his head, his breath rasped in his chest. The rifle on his back thumped on his spine, the metal foresight dug into his skin. It slipped into the hinge of his elbow with the rhythm of his feet, which slipped on the slushy cat-ice. Harper and Liam Kelly dived into the relative shelter of a brick corner. Bullets ricocheted, taking pieces of brick and dust off the wall. Hot air seared past their pulsing cheeks, tiny metal balls, so destructive, slapped into the pavement, inches away from their feet. The sergeant and the private loaded quickly, knowing every second the procedure took, minutes were stole from their lives. Instinct took over, the movements refined by practice and desperation. There was no time to think about what happened next; to the best fighters, it came as a second nature. Harper touched the familiar small island of unpolished metal, something to fight against the curse of bad luck. Kelly saw his friend feel the small dip in the rifle's butt, and he knew that the sergeant's keen mind was already at work. He had bruised his shoulder and had twisted his ankle on the sloppy slush, but that was all. He could see the pink in the snow, the pigment caused by the fresh blood of his comrade's. Worst of all was the sound of their screams, a sound that he had heard many times before, but now it seemed to have been magnified a hundredfold. Now Harper turned and worked his way around the wall again, giving space to the flickering bullets, Kelly supposed so as not to drive them nearer to the young fresh teenagers, who hid round the opposite corner. He stopped and looked at Kelly and then called out to him. ‘Stay there Liam. Don't move.' Then without any sign of fear, he walked towards the men in the green uniforms of British Riflemen. Kelly could see his lips moving, but he could not hear the words over the sharp, snapping retort of the rifles. Perhaps he was praying, or maybe not at all. He did not stop until he was right up to them and only then did they seem to register his tall looming presence. Liam saw him reach for a screaming horse's bridle and grip them hard. With a firm hand, ignoring the slapping bullets by his face, he pulled the bay mare off her hind legs. Then he slapped her hard on the rump and sent her away. Thus cheated of their game, the Rifleman turned their attention to the tall Irishman. The picture of what followed stayed with every man and women on the street till the day they died. And never would they know for sure what had happened. The platoon of green-jackets wheeled to their left, sending beautiful, crystal shards of snow and slush up into the air. For a moment they appeared not to know what to make of the man who stood undaunted before them. What was certain was that Harper could have walked away. Two or three steps to the side could have denied the British the glory of another Irish death. The Riflemen, so Kelly believed, would simply have let him be gone, where others had led. Instead, Harper stepped towards them. The moment he moved, as he must have foreseen, the Rifles snapped into action. And even now, Harper could have stepped away. He knew where the guns would fire, what was happening inside the mechanics of them and why, before it even knew itself. Yet on this day, he neither dodged nor ducked nor even flinched, and, once more, walked forward. Harper could hear Aileens voice calling out his name. ‘I'm here.' He whispered ‘What is it?' The group of green jackets raised the barrels, the light reflecting off the metal onto the snow. They licked their lips and they lined up the foresight onto the lone solitary target. At this distance they could not miss. The settling snow was still too thick for Kelly to be sure, but he thought he saw Harper open his hands a touch and, in a movement so flowing that he may of imagined it, showed the British his open palms. It was as though the Irishman was offering something and perhaps it was what he had always wanted to offer the gift of friendship and peace. But although he would never from this day forth mention the thought to anyone, Kelly had a vivid impression that it was otherwise and that Harper, without fear or despair, was somehow offering himself. ‘I'm here. What is it?' And then he knew. ******* They buried Patrick Harper by Aileen. The intention was to keep the funeral small and for family only, but on the day about one hundred people came, touched by the actions of the tall, handsome soldier in the white-sugared street. There was room for only a few in the small but ornate Catholic Church, so they threw open the doors and people watched from outside where cherry blossom danced and cartwheeled in the small breeze. He was found, lying there, a tiny smile on his face, motionless on the snowy carpet. It eyes were loosely shut as if he were sleeping peacefully. They typed this up on the army records of births and deaths. But there was one thing which they had not mentioned. Tucked away, from all sight were two claddagh rings. One gold and one silver. The Irish icon of friendship, love and loyalty. They were wrapped in a torn piece of paper, one side a list of food items and on the other side, scrawled blue ink pen which was in the handwriting of Aileen Harper. On the paper, all she'd written, inscribed in the ancient language of the Irish Celts were the small italic letters which made up four short words. In case you forget.

Honda Vietnam Final Essays

Honda Vietnam Final Essays Honda Vietnam Final Essay Honda Vietnam Final Essay The first factory was opened in 1 998 and the second in 2008 in Vine Pouch province, with a total capacity of 1. 5 million motorbikes a year and total workforce of 4,935 workers. If the first factory was an evidence of a serious and long -? term investment of Honda in Vietnam, the second factory is a great effort of Honda Vietnam to prove that it focuses a lot of attention to the environmental and social issues, which is the harmonious combination of three natural sources of energy: Wind, Light and Water to generate environmental and friendly technology. Recently, the third plant was officially inaugurated in Ha Name province, increasing the total capacity to over 2 million motorbikes a year. There is no doubt that Honda Vietnam has had the greatest contribution to the motorcycle industry of Vietnam, in meeting a variety of demands and needs of the customers. Honda Vietnam is proud to become one of the biggest motorcycle manufacturers in the Asian region as well as in the globe (Honda Vietnam, 2014) From the perspective of operation management, managers should take the highest accessibility in quality control and quality assurance of the products, making sure that all the motorbikes produced satisfy the customers needs to the optimal level. . 2. Organizations Customers According to Slack et al. (201 3), the customers of an organization include internal and external customers. An internal customer is defined as a process or an individual belonging to an operation which is the customer Of other internal process or individuals. In the meantime, an external customer operates in a free market (Ibid) which could be the companys wholesalers, retailers and individual customers. T he authors stated that in order to satisfy the external customers, the internal customers must be satisfied as well. Thus, treating both the external and internal customers with the same level of consideration and care will improve the effectiveness of the whole operation (Ibid). In accordance with the theory of Slack, both the people in Honda Vietnam and the consumers are the internal and external customers respectively. Different customers will specifically have different expectations towards the companys outputs, which are defined as competitive factors of the products. Slack et al. 2013) divide these factors into two types: order winning and qualifying factors. The order winning criteria directly and considerably contribute to the victory of the product in the market, as such the customers with order winning preference will enjoy a high quality, fastest product, and extremely reliable and flexible product. Meanwhile, the qualifying criteria mark the boundary in which the product must at least equalize those criteria to be considered by the customers, for instance a workable product with basic functions, which is affordable and fast enough. In line with this concept by Slack et al. 013), the customer order-winning criteria of Honda Vietnam will aim at the most expensive motorcycles with most advanced technology and modern motorcycles such as SSH 1 25 c, SSH 1 SO c, PC, and Air blade. The customer qualifying criteria will pay more attention to the basic and old style (workable competition, low cost) of Honda Vietnam such as Wave Alpha, Super Dream, and Wave S. 1. 3. Operation objectives The external customers as aforementioned are the repres entatives of the market. Obviously, without understanding the need of the markets, the company will fail to realize which priority it should focus on, including but not emitted to quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. For instance, when the customers value the low-priced products, the operation should aim at reducing cost; when the quality is valued, the operation should aim at producing high quality products. Honda Vietnam has four main operation objectives: (1) quality, (2) speed, (3) flexibility, and (4) cost. To Honda Vietnam, the company is well aware of the importance of quality objective in its operation of motorcycle manufacturing. The high quality motorbike means that all the parts and the assembly are made to highly standardized specifications. All the spare parts, no matter are produced in any country; must strictly comply with the technology secrets of Honda Japan, which have globally recognized quality. For instance, the tires used in manufacturing the motorbikes must be carefully examined in advance by Honda Vietnam and match each type of motorbike (Honda, 2014). Furthermore, all spare parts of Honda Vietnam must have the certified stamp of Honda Motor Co. Ltd. To indicate the high quality parts (Ibid). Speed is another operation objective Of Honda. It is the effort to minimize the time from the customers request of the product to receiving that product. In such a competitive business environment, speed plays an important role in determining the survival and growth of a business. The speed not only helps reduces the inventory cost but also risk during the operation process (Slack et al. 2013). Honda Vietnam has to compete with a number of giant motorcycle producers such as Pigging, Yamaha, Suzuki and GYMS. Clearly, if the objective of speed is not achieved, the external customers will direct their choice to other products of the other competitors. Fortunately, the speed factor in Honda Vietnam is always guaranteed thanks to the spare parts which are directly manufactured by the many itself. This result in a considerable time saved for deliver ing spare parts to the manufacturer like in other plants. The third operation objective of Honda Vietnam is flexibility. Theoretically, flexibility enables the company to create new product and service, more variety, flexible volumes and delivery dates, etc. Closely based on the customers demand of flexibility, Honda Vietnam has designed a number of motorcycles of the same brand. Take Wave brand as an example. The Wave has various brand names such as Wave Alpha, Wave S Deluxe, and Wave RSI. In this order, the motorcycle was enhanced with new specification and renovation, satisfying the customers demand and affordability. Last but not least, the forth operation objective of Honda Vietnam is cost. Whether competitive in cost, any dollar of cost saving add more to the profit of the company, thus cost objective is an extremely attractive (Slack et al. , 2013). In achieving this operation objective, Honda has built up 3 motorcycle plants in total in the two Northern provinces of Vietnam, recruiting directly the Vietnamese employees and has invested a lot in green technology, which together aims to reduce operation cost. 2. ANALYSES AND FINDINGS 2. 1 . Analyses of transformation process All operation process are the input transformation output process. It means that the input resources are either (or both) transformed themselves or (and) are transforming something else to the output (I . E. Product or service) (Slack et al. , 2013). Obviously, whether the aforementioned operation objectives are achieved or not depends significantly on the transformation process. For instance, whether the outputs are qualified depends on the quality of the inputs, the technology used to transform such inputs, and the skills of the staff, etc. Due to the specific nature of the industry, each many will have predominant input resources. For the manufacturer like Honda Vietnam, the most important transformed input resources are the materials, and followed by the information whereas customers are not a key part of the transformed inputs. The materials such as steel, plastic, iron, bronze, glass, paint and spare parts such as battery, brakes, clutch, exhaust, mirrors, lighting, cables, filters, levers, tires, bearings and clutch, etc. Re the most frequent transformed inputs of Honda Vietnam to manufacture a complete motorcycle. In addition, the information can be considered another transformed input. It means that the idea of the engineer and the design draft stored in his computer software about a motorcycle have been transformed into a real motorbike. Regarding the transforming input resources, Honda Vietnam combines successfully the resources of facilities and human. The facilities include the building the plants, the machin eries such as rail, assembly chain, and an equally important factor of technology. The staff here means the relevant people at all levels from top management, middle, and line manager to the whole employees who are contributed whether directly or indirectly to the production of a motorbike. In addition to such tangible resources, intangible resources are also of utmost important in the motorcycle industry, such as relationship with the suppliers, the established reputation, the corporate culture, the intellectual property and knowledge transmission, etc. Have their own irreplaceable values (Slack et al. , 2013). Honda Vietnam is not an exception and all of the intangible resources contribute a considerable role in gaining the competitive advantage for the company in the local market. The next part will present in more details if the transformed and transforming input resources are able to meet the operation objective and customers demand. 2. 2. Analyses Of transformed resources After nearly two decades of presence and operation in Vietnam, Honda Vietnam has made a long strive in helping the motorcycle industry be able to fully competitive in the world; even Vietnam has become the leading country in motorcycle manufacturing. More proudly, The Investment Review (2014) states that Vietnam almost no longer depends on other countries, in particular China in importing spare parts and materials. Instead, Honda Vietnam has achieved the average localization rate of 93%, some motorbike rand even have the rate of 99%. This is a great figure if it is compared to Honda Vietnamese localization rate of 10% in 1 998 (Ibid). By directly manufacturing almost all necessary components Of a motorbike, Honda Vietnam has created a truly trademark of Made in Vietnam for the local motorcycle industry (Ibid). Thanks to the great attempts, Honda Vietnam now can save a lot of costs such as import duties, import procedure costs, and transportation costs (via cars, ships, trains, or even flights). The spare parts are produced and examined directly in the plant, also saving time for the manufacturing process. It is worth emphasizing again that all the spare parts made by Honda have been widely recognized in the global scale as high quality and reliable components, despite it is only on establishment standard basis rather than any international standards like ISO or EUROPE, etc. However, the Honda trademark of the spare parts has been widely associated with high quality and gained trust and confidence from the consumers. In other words, the operation objective of quality has been successfully delivered by Honda Vietnam, I. E. It satisfied the order-winning customers. The localization rate of the transformed input resources has educed the production cost and created an opportunity for the consumers to use a premium product with a lower cost than ever before. Take the SSH motorbike as an example. SSH is the most expensive product line of Honda Vietnam, which costs around 5,000 USED at the time of 2009 or equivalent to 100 million VEND. The localization rate, according to Mr.. Masking Garish, the ex-CEO of Honda Vietnam, enables the price to lower and completely affordable (Tan Viet Securities, 2012). Currently, the SSH brand is far away from something too luxurious, at the price ranging from 2,500 USED to 3,300 USED to ,000 USED depending on each brand (SSH mode, SSH chic, or SSH chic respectively)l . Honda Vietnamese products have increasingly met the affordability of the local consumers With many types of motorbikes with the unchanged and global standard quality, I. E. The cost and flexibility operation objective has been targeted. 2. 3. Analyses of transforming resources The transforming resources of Honda Vietnam are mainly facilities and people, as mentioned in Section 2. 1. To be more specific, each operation process is characterized with different features, depending on a number of factors known as ups and vs.. The ups include Product (type of product, nature Of demand, price and quality); Process (type of process, process capacity); Plant (capacity of plant, location, layout and type of technology); Plant programs (production plans, maintenance plans, warehousing and logistics); and People (type of skill and knowledge as well as their aptitude and motivation). Meanwhile, the vs. are composed of the Volume of output, Variety of output, Variation in the demand for the output and degree of Visibility that the customers have of the output creation (Slack et al. 2013). The key components of SSP Mill be discussed in this section. In Honda Vietnam, each of the three manufacturing plants have the own purpose. While the first plant in Vine Pouch province is the birthplaces of almost types of motorbikes in particularly Wave and Dream, the second plant also in the province specializes in the high quality gear motorcycles and scooters, and the third plant in Ha Name province will produce mainly scoote rs, in particular Honda Airbed 1 25 c due to the high demand of the market for the scooters (Saigon Times, 2014). Each of the plant is divided with clear layout and distinct functions, including 7 areas: workshop for assembling engines and monuments, workshop for assembling final motorcycle, casting workshop, spare part processing workshop, plastic molding workshop, paint and welding workshop. Interestingly, the factors of technology and environment have been always well perceived and properly implemented by Honda Vietnam. All the plants utilize the availability of three natural resources: Wind, Solar and Water resources in the most harmonize and adequate manner. This not only makes the atmosphere in the factories fresh and bright but also save a great amount of energy cost for the company. Furthermore, the whole prod auction recess meets the strictest environmental and quality regulations in the world and Vietnam, such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 (Honda, 2014). The motorcycle is also equipped with the most advanced technology, such as the use of chic esp. engine in replacement of the old chic, which makes the motor more smooth, with stronger capacity but less energy consumption. Not only Airbed, but also PC 125, SSH 125 and most recently Lead 2013 use this technology (Autocrat, 2013). In reference to the operation objectives, it is doubles that the facilities and technology have contributed to the speed and cost objectives of the company. Together with the specialization of plants and state of the art technology used, the people in Honda Vietnam are also specialized. The employees are well equipped with protection costumes and necessary knowledge to fulfill their tasks. Moreover, they are always motivated by the long established reputation, image as well as a wonderful corporate culture which is inspired greatly by the Japanese top management. Honda Vietnam is not only respected for their efforts in the motorcycle industry of Vietnam but also for their corporate social responsibilities, such as sponsorship for a number of education contests and awareness raising managing (Honda Young Engineers and Scientists, Young Inventors, and Traffic Safety Live Programs, etc. (Honda Vietnam, 2014). These invisible values certainly inspire and motivate all the people including the manufacturing workers to try their best to devote to the accomplishment of Honda Vietnam. Regarding the vs., overall the process of motorcycle manufacturing is impacted by high volume, low variety, low variation, and low visibility. A motorbike will be completed in every 30 seconds, and each year the total capacity of three plants is approximately 2. Million motorbikes to meet the inc reased market demand. Each motorbike will be slightly different or renovated from the older mode, thus the low variety and low variation in the market demand will help Honda Vietnam maintain a low unit cost, high standardization, stability and predictability (Slack et al. , 2013). Last but not least, the low visibility which means the low customers experience of the operation activities also adds to the lower unit cost and higher standardization. However, the time lag between production and consumption could be affected (Ibid). 2. 4. Analyses of value-added output The value-added output is one the efficiency measurement of the operation recess, which is the work content to only those tasks which add value to the process (Slack et al. , 2013). According to Autocrat (201 3), the average time of producing a motorbike is 30 seconds. Thus, to achieve the capacity of around two million units a year, more than 1,800 units must be manufactured a day by each plant. With the current production time, the total hours spending on motorcycle manufacturing must be around 15 hours. 3. RECOMMENDATION TO ACHIEVE OPERATION OBJECTIVES The analysis above indicates that Honda Vietnam has successfully meet the market demand with a proper operation process. As the process is not managed by the customers (low visibility), Honda Vietnam shout continue inspiring and motivating the employees, as well as issuing strict rules of quality controls so that all of the employees are committed to the highest quality assurance. In addition, with the high acidity to achieve such a value added efficiency, Honda Vietnam should continuously reconsider the shifting policies so that the health and benefits of the employees are guaranteed. In the meantime, Honda should continue applying the most advanced technology to not only reduce cost but also brings prestigious reputation for he company itself as the leading manufacturer with user, environmental -? friendly technology. As such, the operation objectives of Honda Vietnam will sustainable achieved.

gender sexuality essays

gender sexuality essays A.) In the article, Human Sexuality: How do Men and Women differ? by Letitia Peplau discusses gender difference in four different aspects; sexual desire, sexuality and relationships, sexuality and aggression, and sexual plasticity. These differences affect mental states, and they define not only heterosexuals, but homosexuals, as well. The first difference mentioned between males and females is sexual desire. Peplau (2003) describes sexual desires as the subjective experience of being interested in sexual objects or activities or wishing to engage in sexual activities (p. 37). Men seem to exhibit a much higher sexual desire in their life-span, than women do. Men are also more stimulated sexually by visuals than women are. Many tensions about the frequency of sex arise between married couples. The husband is typically the one who demands sex more than the woman. Also, another indicator for men having a larger sexual desire is the fact men masturbate more frequently, and begin at an earlier age. The second difference mentioned between the sexes is sexuality and relationships. Women prefer to be sexual only in committed relationships, where as men seem to have a liking for casual, and premarital sex. To emphasize it more, women are more likely to fantasize about love and affection, where as men are more likely to fantasize about acts and sex organs. Commitment is the key for most women when it comes to sexuality and relationships, but for men it is more about sex. The third gender difference discussed concerns sexuality and aggression. Men tend to view themselves as characters of aggression and dominance when it comes to their sexual role. Women, however, do not exhibit the same traits. And because men possess these traits they are more likely to initiate an attempt for sex. The last gender difference covered is entitled sexual plasticity. Women are much more easily manipulated by soc ...

Crminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crminology - Essay Example Generally, Murray (1990) believes that the underclass has a negative impact on the moral fabric of the society and that they are responsible for the occurrences of anti-social behavior in the society. He actually believes in left realism: he ignores the possibilities that crime could also come as a result of political and ideological factors. Therefore, he considers the underclass individuals as criminal minds and as people defined by their deplorable behavior in reaction to their situation but not their situation. Murray (1990) primarily insists that illegitimacy is to be blamed for the deplorable behaviors. For instance, he comments that women under the low class have a higher probability of giving birth to illegitimate children. He asserts that these illegitimate children easily "run wild" since they do not have father role-models. Further, Murray (2001) affirms the responsibility of the underclass unwillingness to work to the rising crime and the break-down of the community life. Again, Murray emphasizes so much on left realism such that he overlooks the possibilities of crimes being caused by the powerful in the society: he believes only the poor are to be blamed. Critics however claim that Murray’s conclusions have no evidence and are baseless. For instance, Alan Walker asserts that Murrays concepts are founded on innuendos, anecdotes, and assertions. Additionally, a research done by John Ermish about single mothers, in the 1980s, established that most women never stay put as single parents. Walker further comments that individuals in the underclass apparently desire stable relationships and jobs (Biressi & Nunn, 2013). Additionally, Anita and Heather (2013) comment that single mothers who divorced in reality take averagely longer time to claim on benefits than single mothers who have never been married. Certainly, Murray’s critics are right realist thinkers; they believe that crime does not only result from the poor but from

Is Andrew obliged to supply a 1,500 computer to Betty, Colin and Edith Coursework

Is Andrew obliged to supply a 1,500 computer to Betty, Colin and Edith - Coursework Example Offers can be general or specific. General offers are meant for general public and anyone who can fulfill the conditions of the offer can accept it. Specific offers are made to specific parties and can be accepted only by them. An offer can be revoked at any time before it is accepted. In the given case, Andrew circulated a flyer to local businesses which means that he made a general offer to all of them. Andrew made his offer in the beginning of the month of January. His advertisement stated that â€Å"any orders notified by the end of January will be met at the special discount price of  £1,500†. Andrew found this offer to be too generous and decided to revoke it. He posted a letter of revocation to the same businesses on 20th of January. However, a revocation cannot be effective unless the offeree knows of it. In Dickenson v Dodds1, the defendant offered to sell property to the plaintiff. Before the plaintiff could reply, the defendant sold the property to a third party. A friend of the plaintiff told him that the house was sold. It was held that the offer was effectively revoked and was no longer open for acceptance because the plaintiff’s friend’s intimation was adequate notice and a reasonable person would have easily deemed the offer to have been revoked. In the given case, it is important to consider whether the acceptance was completed before the offer was revoked. Andrew communicated his revocation of offer through post on the 20th of January as against himself but the letter was not delivered before the 2nd of February. In Adams v Lindsell2, a famous rule called â€Å"Postal Rule† was established according to which the acceptance of an offer is complete when a letter of acceptance has been posted. However, this rule is not applicable on the communication of revocation of offer by post. In Stevenson, Jacques & Co v McLean3, the plaintiff was an iron merchant who purchased iron and sold it to third

Introduction to Business........VIII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Business........VIII - Essay Example Leadership qualities are not possessed by every manager. The manager must have a charismatic personality and the influential power to become a good leader. 3. Human skills are identified as the ability of an individual to work effectively and in harmony with other people. A person who has good human skills can interact and cooperate more effectively with others and can use it as a valuable asset in team work. An individual possessing human skills, has good etiquette, can handle difficult people, and can negotiate well with others to convince them on his or her terms. e. Self-actualizing Needs – this is the highest level that a person can reach. On this level, he or she is not concerned about others’ opinions and is more interested in experiencing his or her full potential Theory Y, on the other hand, assumes that an average person seeks responsibility and wants to work. He or she can be motivated and committed to their work if they see rewards such as self-fulfillment. Therefore under this theory, the motivator for an individual is his or her need of self-fulfillment and this can be used to create harmony between the personal and organizational goals. 6. Operational planning comes under the strategic work plan. It describes how the business is to accomplish the milestones and objectives. This is done through putting a portion of the strategic plan into action which is to be completed within the duration of the operational period. Generally, this period is equal to a fiscal year. 8. Strategic Planning is done on the senior management level of the organization. It defines the overall strategy of the business. The strategic plan gives the business a direction and states how that plan is going to be achieved. It also includes planning of resources, such as capital and human resource. 9. Generation Y include those people who are born in the period from mid 1970s to the early 2000s.

An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

An Inspector Calls Essay I am writing to you about a film I would like you to play a part in. Its called An Inspector Calls, it is set in Brumley, an industrial city in the north midlands, 1912. The play is about a young woman named Eva Smith who commits suicide after an unfortunate line of events. An inspector talks to the whole family one by one as they are all involved one way or another. Priestley was trying to show his audience that we can not go on being self obsessed and should think how our actions affect other people. He uses the Birling family as an example of a capitalistic family in the upper class in 1912, who had no care for other people. Shelia is a pretty girl 22 years old, she doesnt have a job as her parents (Mr. Arthur Birling and Mrs. Sybil Birling) are quite well off. In act one Shelia beings the play as a self-centred and likes attention. She recently got engaged. When she is first shown the picture of Eva Smith she recognises her with a little cry and then runs out of the room, as she is upset that she played a part in an innocent girls death. Shelia first met Eva when she was at Milwards to try on some dresses for a party she was going to. As she tried on a gorgeous dress she caught sight of Eva ( who was working at Milwards at the time, as a shop assistant ) she saw Eva smiling at the other shop assistant as if to say doesnt it look awful . This just made Shelia loose her temper, as she was already in a bad mood that day, so she went straight to the manger and told him this girl had to be sacked otherwise her and her mother would close their account with them. She wouldnt have cared, its just Eva was so pretty with her big dark eyes, and the dress looked perfect on her. She was just jealous of Eva and acted out of jealously and petty spite. Sheila almost respects the Inspectors way of handling things and begins to see the world according to his values. She was rather concerned for Eva and couldnt believe she partly caused her suicide also she was genuinely upset about the death of Eva and how she was involved. During the second act she learns of everyone elses involvement in the case. When she sees Geralds reaction to the name Daisy Renton she knows straight away that Gerald had some history with the girl. Gerald says that Shelia only wants to watch him being asked questions so she can watch some one else go through it, this obviously offends her and she questions whether Gerald really knows her. She hears Geralds questioning and soon finds out that Gerald met Eva in the palace bar one night after going to watch a show. He went down and had a few drinks, and noticed Eva as they started talking she gave him a false name so he new her a Daisy Renton. After hearing all this she breaks of her relationship to Gerald as she thinks she doesnt know him any more. When inspector Goole questions Mrs. Birling Shelia discovers that Eva went to her mother for help and appealed to Mrs. Birlings charitable committee because she had now money and no place to stay and she was pregnant. Mrs. Birling used her power over the committee to have Evas case refused and when Shelia discovered that her mother had been so cold she was outraged. She thought what her mother did was cruel and vile, especially as Eva was pregnant. When she realised that Eric was the man who had got Eva pregnant and tried giving her stolen money she was quite understanding of his involvement. During this act you can see Shelia growing as a character and in a way changing. She has been quite helpful to the inspector and sort of looked up to him in a way by agreeing with everything he says and answering all questions even if they werent directed at her. In act three Shelias attitude has almost completely changed she says shes behaved badly and shes ashamed of it. When the inspector left Shelia was the first person to question whether he was a police inspector or not, she doesnt seem to care if he was a fake because she believes it should have made them all realise what they had done wrong and change but the only people who did realise what had gone wrong and the only people who had actually changed where her and Eric. She believes that the truth came out that night and made everyone confess and that is the only important thing that happened that night, not whether or not the inspector was a police inspector or not. When Shelia talks to certain people she is a confident speak I should jolly well think not, this shows shes not afraid to stand up 4 her self or against other people. She asks a lot of questions and had a great deal of curiosity about the case What was she like?, Was she young?, What was her name?, these quotations show that she is eager to know all the information that people will tell her and she wants to know everything. When you play Shelia when you talk about Eva you should sounds slightly distressed and concerned, Sorry its just I can help thinking about this girl destroying herself so horribly, she obviously is in a great deal of distress when she talks about Eva and thinks about her death and how she was a part of it. Also she questions her fathers decisions a lot I think sacking her was a mean thing to do, These girls arent cheap labour they are people. When your playing Shelia you must remember that during act 1 you should be quite snobby and self-centred as Shelia only thought about her self and she was a jealous character. During act 2 you can start the see the changes so dont forget to start being more sympathetic towards other peoples stories involving Eva. In act 3 you can she that the change in her attitude is complete as she learns her responsibilities of others less fortunate and is sensitive towards others and their feelings. Also I think you should wear a dress of that period or something along those lines to do with the upper class fashion during 1912.

Information Systems In Business Development

Information Systems In Business Development The implementation of the information system in the development of the business is most necessary now days. For most business, there are varieties of requirements for information. In every organization different level of management need different type of information for development of business. For example, senior management needs information to help with their business planning. Middle management needs more detailed information to monitor and control business activity. The employees at lower management need information to help them to perform their duties. In this global world information systems are playing important role in any organizations to meet their strategic goals. For the development of the business it very important to have good information system in each department of organization such as accounting, finance, marketing and human resource department to perform business operations. In addition, the technical terms of information system refers to the interaction between alg orithmic process and the technology(Brown, 1991). The meaning of the information system is not just the technology used by organization, but also it refers the way in which organization uses the technology for their business process. Information system is sets of interrelated component that collect process and store information to companys management in decision making. Companies that are using up to date information system to evaluate internal and external information are gaining advantage over the firm. For example, a sophisticated information system helps companies to monitor employees, to keep manager and employee to coordinates activities among divisions. Furthermore good information system provides the facilities of direct communication between firm and suppliers, manufacturers, dealers and marketers. Using Information system together, they can create a valuable chain in organization. An information system enables companies to store, retrieve and control valuable information. In upcoming years, the use of good information system in organization will be no longer an option. It will be compulsory in development and success of business. There are various kind of information are available, which can be implement in organization for the development of the business. The main kinds of information system use in businesses are Executive support system (ESS), Management Information system (MIS), Decision support system (DSS), Knowledge Management System (KMS), Transaction processing system (TPS) and Office Automations System (OAS). The different level of management in organization needs different level of information system. The following diagram shows the relation of the information system with the different level of the organization. The main kinds of information system, the implementation of that can be helpful in development of businesses are described as follow. Executive Support System (ESS) The Executive support system helps to senior management to decide business strategic plan and to make decision based on strategy. ESS helps to gather and analyses the internal and external information used in businesses. ESS is a like instrumental panel in air craft cockpit which is showing the status of all the key business activities to senior management team of organization (Brown, 1991). ESS typically involves lots of data analysis and modeling tools to help in strategic decision making. In addition, some ESS provides the analysis tool that predicts a series of performance outcomes overtime using input data. This type of ESS is useful to executive staff, it provides possible outcomes and quick reference to statistics and numbers needed for decision-making .Now days there are software wanders who offer pre design Executives support system packages suitable to one particular organization. They also provide the facilities to customize the Executive support system to meet needs of pa rticular organization. The solid example of the company which is using computer based ESS is Woolworths. Woolworths is second largest retailer of Australia. Company has spent $US11billion and select JDA softwares Arthurs enterprise suite which is including performance analysis tool and information manager databases to support its Big W department chain.(ARIZ ,2001). Management Information System (MIS) A management information system is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage organization effectively. MIS is planned system of collecting; processing and storing Management information system is mainly concern with the internal source of information in organization. Management information system analyzes data captured from transaction processing system and creates reports based for decision making. The report generate by MIS will be used by middle management and operational supervisor.MIS is very useful to generate reports for example, financial statements , inventory status report, performance report for routine or non routine processes. It is very important to manage the flow of information in organization for the future development of the business. The Management information system helps to big organization to manage the information interchanging between different departments such as store and distribution center. For example Coles super market is one of the biggest retailers in Australia. Coles has recently implemented new version of the computer based information management system named LETTUS to provide significant inventory management benefit to store and suppliers. The Following Diagram illustrating how Coles manage information flow between organizations. Decision Support System (DIS) Decision Support Systems (DIS) are specifically design to help management for decision making in situation where there is uncertainty about possible outcomes of those decision. It is important to implement decision support system in business because it supports business and organizational decision making activities. The properly designed decision support system is an interactive software based system intended to help decision maker to compile useful information from raw data (smith, 2001). Decision support system helps to enhance the abilities of decision maker or group of decision maker to make decision in favor of companys development. Furthermore, Decision support systems are call of computerized information system that supports decision making activities. The decision support system can be classified in to five different types which are: Communication driven DSS Data driven DSS Document driven DSS Knowledge driven DSS Model driven DSS The above different types of decision support system are used to make decision based on different situation. The implementation of Decision support system in business helps to make effective decision in order to make business development. Knowledge Management System (KMS) Knowledge Management system helps businesses to create and share information. This types of system used in organization where employee creates knowledge and expertise which can then be shared by other people in organization to create commercial opportunities. The examples of the knowledge management systems are Firms of Lawyers associated with organization, Accountants and management consultants Knowledge system generally built around which allows efficient categorization and distributions of knowledge. Knowledge Management system enables employee to have ready access of organizations documents based of fact. Now days, it not an optional to use knowledge management System for an organization whether it is public or private big or small. Knowledge management system provides aid to organization to creating sharing and processing knowledge. Transaction Processing System (TPS) Transaction processing system used to process routine transaction efficiently and accurately. One organization may have more than one transaction processing systems for example billing system to print invoice for customer, payroll and text calculation system, raw material requirements calculations system, Stock control system, Transaction processing system helps to manage data that must be in consistent state. In addition, the daily transaction done by the Transaction processing system can help to upper level management to make decision for the future business. For example, by analyzing customer transaction data management can identify the customers purchasing behaviors. TPS also help to maintain relationship with customers based on transaction. There are many super markets which are using transaction processing system to maintain their daily transaction. Coles Supermarket is a very good example which is using fully computer base transaction processing system. TPS used by Coles store their day to day transaction in central data base. Higher level management determines this stored data to identify customer value and maintain relationship with customer to expand the business. Office Automation System (AOS) Office automation systems are systems that help to improve the productivity of employee who are responsible to process data and information. There are many office automation system exist in market which can be easily implement in organization to improve the productivities of employee. The examples of the well know office automation system are Microsoft office, Microsoft works and more.OAS helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedure. Most of companies are using office automation system to create data sheet, reports, and statements. The well known Office automation system used by most of organizations is Microsoft Package including (MS Office, PowerPoint, and Excel.) In nutshell, now days the revolutionary change in the area of information technology has changed the way of business in each industries. Complete computer based information systems provides the support to organization to maintain internal and external source of information. In addition, to over come cut throat competition to it very important for each organization either to implement computer based information system or to adopt existing computer based information system package. The use of information system gives advantage to each level of management in organization to plan strategy and decision making. The use of Computer based information system will not be optional anymore in future. It will be compulsory for organization to implement information system for business development